/* Self-hosted fonts — no Google Fonts dependency, instant load */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Syne';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/syne-latin-700-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Syne';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/syne-latin-800-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'DM Sans';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/dm-sans-latin-300-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'DM Sans';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/dm-sans-latin-400-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'DM Sans';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/dm-sans-latin-500-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'DM Sans';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/dm-sans-latin-600-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'DM Mono';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/dm-mono-latin-400-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
}
@font-face {
  font-family: 'DM Mono';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url('../fonts/dm-mono-latin-500-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
}


/* ── The Signal — blog.dodhia.co ──────────────────────────── */

*, *::before, *::after { margin:0; padding:0; box-sizing:border-box; }

:root {
  --ink:     #0B2828;
  --teal:    #1A6060;
  --gold:    #D4AC1A;
  --gold-lt: rgba(212,172,26,.10);
  --surface: #FAFBFC;
  --white:   #ffffff;
  --muted:   #6B7280;
  --muted2:  #9CA3AF;
  --rule:    rgba(11,40,40,.08);
  --rule-md: rgba(11,40,40,.15);

  --fh: 'Syne', sans-serif;
  --fb: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
  --fm: 'DM Mono', monospace;

  --max:  1140px;
  --col:  700px;
  --pad:  clamp(18px, 5vw, 72px);
  --r:    8px;
}

html { font-size: 16px; scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  background: var(--surface);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--fb);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  min-height: 100vh;
}

img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }

/* ── Nav ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.nav {
  position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 100;
  background: rgba(250,251,252,.94);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.nav-inner {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad);
  height: 58px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.nav-brand {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--ink);
  letter-spacing: 0px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}
.nav-brand .dot { color: var(--gold); }
.nav-brand .pipe {
  width: 1px; height: 16px;
  background: var(--rule-md);
  display: inline-block;
}
.nav-brand .sub {
  font-family: var(--fb);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--muted2);
  letter-spacing: 0.2px;
}
.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 28px;
}
.nav-links a {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--muted);
  transition: color .15s;
}
.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.nav-cta {
  font-size: 12px !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  color: var(--teal) !important;
  border: 1px solid rgba(26,96,96,.25);
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  transition: background .15s, color .15s !important;
}
.nav-cta:hover {
  background: var(--teal) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  border-color: var(--teal) !important;
}
.nav-back {
  font-size: 13px !important;
  font-weight: 500 !important;
  color: var(--muted) !important;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}
.nav-back::before { content: '←'; }
.nav-back:hover { color: var(--teal) !important; }

/* ── Topic filter pills ───────────────────────────────────── */
.filter-bar {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 24px var(--pad) 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}
.pill {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background .15s, color .15s, border-color .15s;
  user-select: none;
  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.pill:hover { border-color: var(--teal); color: var(--teal); }
.pill.active {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--ink);
}
.pill .cnt {
  opacity: .5;
  margin-left: 5px;
}

/* ── Hero ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.hero {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 48px var(--pad) 40px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 360px;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: center;
}
.hero-text {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 24px;
}
/* Signature: gold left margin rule */
.hero-text::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0; top: 4px; bottom: 4px;
  width: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--gold) 0%, rgba(212,172,26,.15) 100%);
  border-radius: 2px;
}
.hero-kicker {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--teal);
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.hero-title {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: clamp(26px, 3vw, 42px);
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.5px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.hero-title .accent { color: var(--teal); }
.hero-body {
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
  max-width: 440px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.hero-byline {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
}
.hero-name {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.hero-role {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--muted2);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  padding-left: 14px;
}
.hero-role a { color: var(--teal); font-weight: 500; }

/* Featured card */
.hero-card {
  background: var(--ink);
  border-radius: var(--r);
  padding: 28px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform .2s;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
}
.hero-card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
.hero-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--gold), transparent);
}
.hc-tag {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--gold);
  letter-spacing: 2px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}
.hc-tag::before { content:''; width:14px; height:1px; background:var(--gold); display:block; }
.hc-title {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: 0px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.hc-excerpt {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}
.hc-meta {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}
.hc-date {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.3);
}
.hc-read {
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--gold);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
}
.hc-read::after { content: '→'; transition: margin-left .15s; }
.hero-card:hover .hc-read::after { margin-left: 4px; }

/* ── Section header ───────────────────────────────────────── */
.sec-hdr {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad);
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.sec-title {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.sec-more {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--teal);
}
.sec-more:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* ── Divider ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.divider {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad);
}
.divider hr {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin: 32px 0;
}

/* ── Article grid (3 cards) ───────────────────────────────── */
.grid-section {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad) 40px;
}
.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);
  gap: 2px;
  background: var(--rule);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: var(--r);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.card {
  background: var(--white);
  padding: 24px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background .15s;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.card:hover { background: #F2F7F7; }
.card-tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--teal);
  background: rgba(26,96,96,.07);
  padding: 3px 8px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  width: fit-content;
  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.card-title {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.2px;
  transition: color .15s;
}
.card:hover .card-title { color: var(--teal); }
.card-excerpt {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
  flex: 1;
}
.card-foot {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding-top: 10px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--muted2);
}

/* ── List view ────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.list-section {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad) 48px;
}
.list-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 96px 1fr auto;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.list-row:hover .lr-title { color: var(--teal); }
.lr-date {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--gold);
  font-weight: 500;
  padding-top: 3px;
  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.lr-tag {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--teal);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.lr-title {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.2px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  transition: color .15s;
}
.lr-excerpt {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.lr-meta {
  text-align: right;
  padding-top: 3px;
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--muted2);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* ── Newsletter ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
.nl-section {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad) 72px;
}
.nl-box {
  background: var(--ink);
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 44px 52px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 44px;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.nl-box::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--gold), rgba(212,172,26,.2));
}
.nl-kicker {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--gold);
  letter-spacing: 2px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.nl-title {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 26px;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #fff;
  letter-spacing: -0.4px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}
.nl-body {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.nl-form { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.nl-input {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.07);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  border-radius: var(--r);
  padding: 12px 16px;
  font-family: var(--fb);
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #fff;
  outline: none;
  transition: border-color .15s;
}
.nl-input::placeholder { color: rgba(255,255,255,.3); }
.nl-input:focus { border-color: rgba(212,172,26,.5); }
.nl-btn {
  background: var(--gold);
  color: var(--ink);
  border: none;
  border-radius: var(--r);
  padding: 12px 20px;
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: opacity .15s;
}
.nl-btn:hover { opacity: .9; }
.nl-fine {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.25);
  text-align: center;
}

/* ── Footer ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.footer-inner {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 36px var(--pad) 40px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 40px;
}
.fb-brand {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.fb-brand span { color: var(--gold); }
.fb-desc {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--muted2);
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  max-width: 210px;
}
.fb-link {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--teal);
  border: 1px solid rgba(26,96,96,.25);
  padding: 5px 12px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  display: inline-block;
  transition: background .15s, color .15s;
}
.fb-link:hover { background: var(--teal); color: #fff; }
.fc-title {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--muted2);
  letter-spacing: 1.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.fc a {
  display: block;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 9px;
  transition: color .15s;
}
.fc a:hover { color: var(--teal); }
.footer-bottom {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 18px var(--pad) 28px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}
.footer-bottom-copy {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--muted2);
}
.footer-bottom-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
}
.footer-bottom-links a {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--muted2);
  transition: color .15s;
}
.footer-bottom-links a:hover { color: var(--teal); }

/* ── Reading view ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
.article-header {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 56px var(--pad) 40px;
}
.article-tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--teal);
  background: rgba(26,96,96,.07);
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}
.article-title {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 42px);
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: 0px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.article-excerpt {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}
.article-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  padding-bottom: 28px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink);
}
.meta-author {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.meta-detail {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--muted2);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  padding-left: 14px;
}

/* Progress bar */
.progress-bar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 58px;
  left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  width: 0%;
  background: var(--gold);
  z-index: 99;
  transition: width .1s linear;
}

/* Article body */
.article-body {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 44px var(--pad) 72px;
}
.article-body h2 {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
  letter-spacing: -0.3px;
  margin: 44px 0 14px;
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.article-body h3 {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin: 28px 0 10px;
}
.article-body p {
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #374151;
  line-height: 1.85;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}
.article-body strong { font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); }
.article-body a { color: var(--teal); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.article-body ul,
.article-body ol {
  margin: 0 0 22px 24px;
}
.article-body li {
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #374151;
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.article-body blockquote {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--gold);
  padding: 16px 24px;
  background: var(--gold-lt);
  border-radius: 0 var(--r) var(--r) 0;
  margin: 32px 0;
}
.article-body blockquote p {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.article-body code {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 14px;
  background: rgba(11,40,40,.06);
  padding: 2px 7px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: var(--teal);
}
.article-body pre {
  background: var(--ink);
  padding: 24px;
  border-radius: var(--r);
  margin: 24px 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
}
.article-body pre code {
  background: none;
  color: #A8C5C5;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.callout {
  background: rgba(26,96,96,.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(26,96,96,.14);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--teal);
  border-radius: 0 var(--r) var(--r) 0;
  padding: 18px 22px;
  margin: 28px 0;
}
.callout p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--teal);
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Related articles */
.related {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad) 56px;
}
.related-title {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.related-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 2px;
  background: var(--rule);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: var(--r);
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* CTA */
.article-cta {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad) 64px;
}
.cta-box {
  background: var(--ink);
  border-radius: var(--r);
  padding: 36px 44px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.cta-box::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--gold), rgba(212,172,26,.2));
}
.cta-tag {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--gold);
  letter-spacing: 2px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.cta-title {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #fff;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  letter-spacing: -0.3px;
}
.cta-body {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.cta-btn {
  display: inline-block;
  background: var(--gold);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 10px 22px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: opacity .15s;
}
.cta-btn:hover { opacity: .9; }

/* Animations */
@keyframes fadeUp {
  from { opacity:0; transform:translateY(14px); }
  to   { opacity:1; transform:translateY(0); }
}
.fade-up { animation: fadeUp .5s ease both; }
.fade-up-1 { animation-delay: .1s; }
.fade-up-2 { animation-delay: .2s; }
.fade-up-3 { animation-delay: .3s; }

/* ── Responsive ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; padding: 40px var(--pad) 32px; }
  .hero-card { display: none; }
  .hero-title { font-size: clamp(24px, 5vw, 36px); }
  .grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .nl-box { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; padding: 32px; }
  .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .hero-kicker { font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .list-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; }
  .lr-date { display: none; }
  .lr-meta { display: none; }
  .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .related-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .nav-links .hide-sm { display: none; }
  .cta-box { padding: 28px 24px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .fade-up, .fade-up-1, .fade-up-2, .fade-up-3 { animation: none; }
  .progress-bar { transition: none; }
}

/* ── Dark mode ────────────────────────────────────────────── */
:root[data-theme="dark"] {
  --ink:     #E8F0F0;
  --teal:    #4DAAAA;
  --gold:    #E4C547;
  --gold-lt: rgba(228,197,71,.10);
  --surface: #0D1B1B;
  --white:   #111E1E;
  --muted:   #9DB5B5;
  --muted2:  #6B8A8A;
  --rule:    rgba(232,240,240,.07);
  --rule-md: rgba(232,240,240,.12);
}
:root[data-theme="dark"] body { background: #0D1B1B; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .nav {
  background: rgba(13,27,27,.94);
  border-bottom-color: rgba(232,240,240,.07);
}
:root[data-theme="dark"] .hero-card { background: #111E1E; border: 1px solid rgba(232,240,240,.07); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .card,
:root[data-theme="dark"] .grid { background: #111E1E; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .card { background: #111E1E; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .card:hover { background: #162323; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .nl-input { background: rgba(255,255,255,.05); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .footer { border-top-color: rgba(232,240,240,.07); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] #tip-bubble { background: #111E1E; box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.5); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .share-btn { background: #111E1E; border-color: rgba(232,240,240,.12); color: var(--ink); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .share-btn:hover { background: var(--teal); color: #0D1B1B; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .search-modal { background: #111E1E; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .search-input { background: #0D1B1B; color: var(--ink); border-color: rgba(232,240,240,.12); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .search-result:hover { background: #162323; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .callout { background: rgba(77,170,170,.06); border-left-color: var(--teal); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .callout p { color: var(--teal); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .article-body p,
:root[data-theme="dark"] .article-body li { color: #B8CCCC; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .article-body blockquote { background: rgba(228,197,71,.06); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .article-body pre { background: #060F0F; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .pill { background: #111E1E; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .pill:hover { border-color: var(--teal); color: var(--teal); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .reading-time-badge { background: #111E1E; }

/* ── Dark mode toggle button ──────────────────────────────── */
.theme-toggle {
  width: 32px; height: 32px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--ink);
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  font-size: 14px;
  transition: background .15s, border-color .15s;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.theme-toggle:hover { border-color: var(--teal); }

/* ── Search ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.search-trigger {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color .15s, color .15s;
}
.search-trigger:hover { border-color: var(--teal); color: var(--teal); }
.search-trigger kbd {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  background: var(--rule);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  border-radius: 3px;
  padding: 1px 5px;
  color: var(--muted2);
}
.search-overlay {
  display: none;
  position: fixed; inset: 0;
  background: rgba(11,40,40,.5);
  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
  z-index: 500;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: center;
  padding-top: 80px;
}
.search-overlay.open { display: flex; }
.search-modal {
  width: min(640px, calc(100vw - 32px));
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: 14px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 24px 64px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
  animation: searchIn .2s ease both;
}
@keyframes searchIn {
  from { opacity:0; transform:translateY(-12px) scale(.98); }
  to   { opacity:1; transform:translateY(0) scale(1); }
}
.search-input-wrap {
  display: flex; align-items: center;
  gap: 12px; padding: 16px 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.search-icon { color: var(--muted2); flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 16px; }
.search-input {
  flex: 1; border: none; outline: none;
  font-family: var(--fb); font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--ink); background: transparent;
}
.search-input::placeholder { color: var(--muted2); }
.search-esc {
  font-family: var(--fm); font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--muted2); border: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  border-radius: 4px; padding: 2px 6px;
  cursor: pointer; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.search-results {
  max-height: 420px;
  overflow-y: auto;
}
.search-result {
  display: block;
  padding: 14px 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background .1s;
}
.search-result:hover { background: #F2F7F7; }
.search-result:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.sr-tag {
  font-family: var(--fm); font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--teal); margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.sr-title {
  font-family: var(--fh); font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.3; margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.sr-title mark { background: var(--gold-lt); color: var(--ink); border-radius: 2px; }
.sr-excerpt {
  font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.5;
  display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden;
}
.search-empty {
  padding: 32px 20px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--muted2);
}
.search-empty span { display:block; font-size:28px; margin-bottom:8px; }

/* ── Copy link button ─────────────────────────────────────── */
.copy-link-btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
  font-family: var(--fb); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 500;
  padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  color: var(--ink); background: var(--white);
  cursor: pointer; transition: background .15s, color .15s;
}
.copy-link-btn:hover { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; border-color: var(--ink); }
.copy-link-btn.copied { background: var(--teal); color: #fff; border-color: var(--teal); }
.copy-link-btn svg { width:14px; height:14px; fill:currentColor; }

/* ── Reading time in nav ──────────────────────────────────── */
.reading-time-badge {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--muted2);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 3px 10px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* ── OG card (hidden, screenshot-only) ───────────────────── */
.og-card {
  width: 1200px; height: 630px;
  position: absolute;
  left: -9999px; top: -9999px;
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   NEW FEATURES
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */

/* ── Back to top button ───────────────────────────────────── */
#back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 88px;
  right: 24px;
  z-index: 150;
  width: 40px; height: 40px;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-size: 18px;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(8px);
  transition: opacity .25s, transform .25s;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(11,40,40,.25);
}
#back-to-top.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
#back-to-top:hover { background: var(--teal); }

/* ── Article author bio ───────────────────────────────────── */
.author-bio {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad) 48px;
}
.author-bio-inner {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 24px;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: 0 var(--r) var(--r) 0;
}
.author-bio-photo {
  width: 64px; height: 64px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  border: 2px solid var(--gold);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.author-bio-text {}
.author-bio-name {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.author-bio-role {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--teal);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.author-bio-desc {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.author-bio-links {
  display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.author-bio-links a {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--teal);
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 1px solid rgba(26,96,96,.25);
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: background .15s, color .15s;
}
.author-bio-links a:hover { background: var(--teal); color: #fff; }

/* ── Table of contents ────────────────────────────────────── */
.toc-wrap {
  position: sticky;
  top: 80px;
  max-height: calc(100vh - 100px);
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding: 16px;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: var(--r);
  width: 180px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.toc-title {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--muted2);
  letter-spacing: 1.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.toc-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0; margin: 0;
}
.toc-item {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.toc-link {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
  line-height: 1.4;
  transition: color .15s;
  border-left: 2px solid transparent;
  padding-left: 10px;
}
.toc-link:hover { color: var(--teal); border-left-color: var(--teal); }
.toc-link.active { color: var(--teal); border-left-color: var(--gold); font-weight: 500; }
.article-layout {
  max-width: 1040px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad);
  display: flex;
  gap: 32px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.article-layout .article-body { padding: 0 0 72px; flex: 1; min-width: 0; max-width: 700px; }
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .toc-wrap { display: none; }
  .article-layout { display: block; max-width: var(--col); }
  .article-layout .article-body { padding: 44px var(--pad) 72px; }
}

/* ── Next article countdown ───────────────────────────────── */
.next-article-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--teal);
  background: rgba(26,96,96,.07);
  border: 1px solid rgba(26,96,96,.15);
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}
.next-article-badge .dot {
  width: 6px; height: 6px;
  background: var(--gold);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: pulse 2s infinite;
}
@keyframes pulse {
  0%,100% { opacity:1; transform:scale(1); }
  50%      { opacity:.5; transform:scale(.8); }
}

/* ── Article count stat ───────────────────────────────────── */
.hero-stats {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-top: 20px;
  padding-top: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.hero-stat {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2px;
}
.hero-stat-num {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ink);
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
.hero-stat-label {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--muted2);
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* ── Tip toggle button ────────────────────────────────────── */
#tip-toggle-btn {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 24px;
  right: 24px;
  z-index: 199;
  width: 40px; height: 40px;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-size: 16px;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(11,40,40,.25);
  transition: background .15s, transform .2s;
}
#tip-toggle-btn.show { display: flex; }
#tip-toggle-btn:hover { background: var(--teal); transform: scale(1.1); }

/* ── Keyboard nav hint ────────────────────────────────────── */
.kbd-hint {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 24px;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 11px;
  color: rgba(11,40,40,.45);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity .3s;
  white-space: nowrap;
  z-index: 50;
}
.kbd-hint.visible { opacity: 1; }
.kbd-hint kbd {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  background: var(--rule);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  border-radius: 3px;
  padding: 1px 5px;
  font-size: 10px;
}

/* ── Print styles ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
@media print {
  .nav, #back-to-top, #tip-bubble, #tip-toggle-btn,
  .share-bar, .article-cta, .related, .footer,
  .toc-wrap, .author-bio-links { display: none !important; }
  body { font-size: 12pt; color: #000; background: #fff; }
  .article-header, .article-body { max-width: 100%; padding: 0; }
  .article-title { font-size: 24pt; color: #000; }
  .article-body p, .article-body li { font-size: 11pt; color: #111; line-height: 1.6; }
  .article-body h2 { font-size: 14pt; color: #000; page-break-after: avoid; }
  .article-body pre { border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 10pt; font-size: 9pt; }
  .callout { border: 1px solid #ccc; border-left: 3px solid #888; }
  a[href]::after { content: " (" attr(href) ")"; font-size: 8pt; color: #666; }
  .article-body a[href]::after { display: none; }
  .author-bio { border: 1px solid #ddd; }
  .progress-bar { display: none; }
}

/* ── Dark mode extras ─────────────────────────────────────── */
:root[data-theme="dark"] .author-bio-inner { background: #111E1E; border-color: rgba(232,240,240,.1); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .toc-wrap { background: #111E1E; border-color: rgba(232,240,240,.07); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] #back-to-top { background: #1A3030; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] #tip-toggle-btn { background: #1A3030; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .kbd-hint { background: #111E1E; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .next-article-badge { background: rgba(77,170,170,.08); border-color: rgba(77,170,170,.2); }

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .list-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; }
  .lr-date { display: none; }
  .lr-meta { display: none; }
  .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .related-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hide-sm { display: none !important; }
  .cta-box { padding: 28px 24px; }
  .nav-brand { font-size: 14px; }
  .nav-links { gap: 10px !important; }
  .reading-time-badge { display: none; }
  .search-trigger { padding: 5px 8px; }
  .search-trigger kbd { display: none; }
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   EVENTS BUBBLE
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */

/* Trigger button — bottom left */
#events-trigger {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 24px;
  left: 24px;
  z-index: 200;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 24px;
  padding: 10px 16px 10px 12px;
  font-family: var(--fb);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(11,40,40,.3);
  transition: background .15s, transform .15s;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
#events-trigger:hover { background: var(--teal); transform: translateY(-1px); }
#events-trigger .ev-dot {
  width: 8px; height: 8px;
  background: var(--gold);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: evPulse 2s infinite;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
@keyframes evPulse {
  0%,100% { opacity:1; transform:scale(1); box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(212,172,26,.5); }
  50%      { opacity:.8; transform:scale(1.1); box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(212,172,26,0); }
}

/* Events panel */
#events-panel {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 80px;
  left: 24px;
  z-index: 201;
  width: 320px;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-md);
  border-radius: 14px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 48px rgba(11,40,40,.2);
  display: none;
  transform-origin: bottom left;
  animation: evOpen .25s cubic-bezier(.22,.68,0,1.2) both;
}
#events-panel.open { display: block; }
@keyframes evOpen {
  from { opacity:0; transform:scale(.94) translateY(8px); }
  to   { opacity:1; transform:scale(1) translateY(0); }
}

.ev-header {
  background: var(--ink);
  padding: 16px 18px;
  position: relative;
}
.ev-header::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--gold), transparent);
}
.ev-header-top {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ev-title {
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
}
.ev-close {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.4);
  font-size: 18px;
  cursor: pointer;
  line-height: 1;
  padding: 0;
  transition: color .15s;
}
.ev-close:hover { color: #fff; }
.ev-subtitle {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.4);
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

/* Event list */
.ev-list {
  padding: 8px 0;
  max-height: 280px;
  overflow-y: auto;
}
.ev-item {
  padding: 12px 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.ev-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.ev-badge {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-top: 2px;
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.8px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 3px 7px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.ev-badge.speaking  { background: rgba(212,172,26,.12); color: #9A7800; border: 1px solid rgba(212,172,26,.3); }
.ev-badge.attending { background: rgba(26,96,96,.08);   color: var(--teal); border: 1px solid rgba(26,96,96,.2); }
.ev-badge.virtual   { background: rgba(100,100,200,.08); color: #5555aa; border: 1px solid rgba(100,100,200,.2); }
.ev-info {}
.ev-name {
  font-family: var(--fb);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ev-date {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  color: var(--muted2);
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.ev-location {
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* Meet CTA */
.ev-cta {
  padding: 14px 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: rgba(26,96,96,.03);
}
.ev-cta-text {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.ev-cta-text strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.ev-meet-btn {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 6px;
  width: 100%;
  background: var(--teal);
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  font-family: var(--fh);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background .15s;
}
.ev-meet-btn:hover { background: var(--ink); }
.ev-meet-btn svg { width:14px; height:14px; fill:currentColor; }

/* Dark mode */
:root[data-theme="dark"] #events-panel {
  background: #111E1E;
  border-color: rgba(232,240,240,.1);
}
:root[data-theme="dark"] .ev-cta { background: rgba(77,170,170,.04); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .ev-badge.speaking { color: var(--gold); }

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  /* Events panel — sits above the trigger row */
  #events-panel { left: 12px; right: 12px; width: auto; bottom: 68px; }
}

/* ── Event item extras ──────────────────────────────────────── */
.ev-desc {
  font-size: 11px;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.ev-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 8px;
}
.ev-link {
  font-family: var(--fm);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--teal);
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 1px solid rgba(26,96,96,.25);
  padding: 3px 9px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: background .15s, color .15s;
  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}
.ev-link:hover { background: var(--teal); color: #fff; }
.ev-link-gold {
  color: #9A7800;
  border-color: rgba(212,172,26,.35);
}
.ev-link-gold:hover { background: var(--gold); color: var(--ink); border-color: var(--gold); }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .ev-link-gold { color: var(--gold); }

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  /* Stack fixed elements cleanly — no overlapping */
  #tip-bubble {
    left: 12px; right: 12px; bottom: 68px;
    width: auto;
  }
  #events-trigger {
    left: 12px; bottom: 14px;
    font-size: 12px; padding: 8px 12px 8px 10px;
  }
  #tip-toggle-btn {
    bottom: 14px; right: 60px;
  }
  #back-to-top {
    bottom: 200px; right: 12px;
  }
}